الصف الأول الثانوي

تأثير الممارسات البشرية على التربة | علوم متكاملة اولي ثانوي - الترم الأول

الحمد لله

🌍 تأثير الممارسات البشرية على التربة

في هذا الدرس من مادة العلوم المتكاملة – الصف الأول الثانوي، نستعرض كيف تؤثر الأنشطة الزراعية والصناعية للبشر بشكل مباشر على خصوبة وجودة التربة، كما نناقش طرق حماية التربة والحفاظ عليها من التدهور.

🌾 أولاً: تأثير الأنشطة الزراعية على جودة التربة

🧱 انضغاط التربة

نتيجة استخدام الآلات الثقيلة في الزراعة، تصبح التربة مضغوطة مما يمنع امتصاص الماء والهواء.
هذا الانضغاط يعيق نمو الجذور، ويؤثر على المحصول مثل القمح فيجعله أقل جودة وضعيف الإنتاج.

🧂 التملّح

هو تراكم الأملاح في التربة، ويمكن رؤيته أحيانًا بالعين المجردة.
في مناطق مثل وادي النيل، يزيد التملّح بسبب الري المتكرر أو بالغمر.
مع مرور الوقت، يتسبب التملح في صعوبة امتصاص الماء، مما يؤدي إلى تدهور صحة التربة والنبات.

🥀 افتقار التربة للعناصر الغذائية

تكرار زراعة نفس المحصول يُستهلك نفس العناصر الغذائية، ويؤدي إلى فقدان التربة لخصوبتها.

🏭 ثانياً: تأثير الأنشطة الصناعية على التربة

☣️ تلوث التربة بالمعادن الثقيلة

مثل الرصاص والزئبق، وهي عناصر سامة تمتصها النباتات وتنتقل للإنسان أو الحيوان.

🧪 تلوث التربة بالمواد الكيميائية السامة

مثل الجازولين في المناطق القريبة من مصافي النفط، وهي مواد مسرطنة تؤثر على صحة السكان المحليين.

💥 تلوث التربة بمركبات النترات

تُعيق النترات امتصاص العناصر الأخرى وتؤدي إلى ضعف النمو.
عند تسربها للمياه الجوفية، تصبح هذه المياه غير صالحة للشرب.
قد تُسبب أمراضًا خطيرة مثل متلازمة "الطفل الأزرق".

🌱 ثالثاً: طرق المحافظة على التربة

🛠️ سلوكيات للحفاظ على التربة

اتباع الزراعة العضوية باستخدام أسمدة ومبيدات طبيعية.
تناوب المحاصيل للحفاظ على تنوع العناصر الغذائية.
زراعة غطاء نباتي لتثبيت التربة ومنع تعريتها.

📝 اختبر نفسك (5 أسئلة تفاعلية)

سيتم إدراج نموذج Google Form هنا قريبًا.

📥 تحميل الملزمة:

تحميل ملزمة الدرس

🎥 فيديو الشرح:

سيتم إدراج الفيديو فور رفعه.

⬅️ الدرس السابق الدرس التالي ➡️

الصف الأول الثانوي علوم متكاملة مواد دراسية

الحمد لله

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